The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine awareness degree, treatment status, and control of hypertension and its predictors in a consecutive group of attendees at a Buenos Aires University School Hospital primary care setting from April 2003 to May 2006. Results for 1733 hypertensive subjects, all of them white (578 men and 1155 women), were available for analyses. Mean age of hypertensive subjects was 66.61 +/- 12.34 years. Eighty-seven percent of hypertensive patients knew their diagnosis. Prevalence of hypertension was consistently higher in overweight-obese than in normal weight subjects (P < 0.001). Overall prevalence of hypertension treatment was 62%, and blood pressure (BP) control rate was 30%. Among knowledgeable treated hypertensive patients, 80.4% used only one antihypertensive drug, 17.6% used two, and 2% used three (P < 0.001). Only 8% of hypertensive patients carried out consensus-recommended dietarian guidelines. A prevention index performed with periodic general prevention measures during the past 5 years was calculated. Logistic regression model showed that independent variables more likely to be associated with poor BP control were being overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.057-2.208), obesity (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.307-3.286), and previous stroke (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.099-7.652). Conversely, the higher the prevention index, the less odds of uncontrolled BP (OR 0.841, 95% CI 0.725-0.975). These results highlight the consistency of general primary care prevention measures with achieving BP control. The poor control rates of BP found in patients who already suffered from stroke suggest that, after hospital discharge for that event, antihypertensive therapy was inadequate and document the challenge that these situations impose on primary care physicians.