Sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) in high-frequency bandpass-filtered periodic and aperiodic (jittered) pulse trains was tested at a nominal pulse rate of 600 pulses per second (pps). It was found that random binaurally-synchronized jitter of the pulse timing significantly increases ITD sensitivity. A second experiment studied the effects of rate and place. ITD sensitivity for jittered 1200-pps pulse trains was significantly higher than for periodic 600-pps pulse trains, and there was a relatively small effect of place. Furthermore, it could be concluded from this experiment that listeners were not solely benefiting from the longest interpulse intervals (IPIs) and the instances of reduced rate by adding jitter, because the two types of pulse trains had the same longest IPI. The effect of jitter was studied using a physiologically-based model of auditory nerve and brainstem (medial superior olive neurons). It was found that the random timing of the jittered pulses increased firing synchrony in the auditory periphery, which caused an improved rate-ITD tuning for the 600-pps pulse trains. These results suggest that a recovery from binaural adaptation induced by temporal jitter is possibly related to changes in the temporal firing pattern, not spectral changes.