The exploitation of differential endocytic pathways in normal and tumor cells in the selective targeting of nanoparticulate chemotherapeutic agents

Biomaterials. 2010 Feb;31(5):923-33. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.101. Epub 2009 Oct 22.

Abstract

Polymeric micelles with cross-linked ionic cores of poly(methacrylic acid) and nonionic shell of poly(ethylene oxide) (cl-micelles) are shown here to readily internalize in epithelial cancer cells but not in normal epithelial cells that form tight junctions (TJ). The internalization of such cl-micelles in the cancer cells proceeded mainly through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. In confluent normal epithelial cells this endocytosis route was absent at the apical side and the cl-micelles sequestered in TJ regions of the cell membrane without entering the cells for at least 24h. Disruption of the TJ by calcium deprivation resulted in redistribution of cl-micelles inside the cells. In cancer cells following initial cellular entry the cl-micelles bypassed the early endosomes and reached the lysosomes within 30min. This allowed designing cl-micelles with cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin, linked via pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, which were cleaved in the acidic environment of lysosomes resulting in accumulation of the drug in the nucleus after 5h. Such pH-sensitive cl-micelles displayed selective toxicity to cancer cells but were non-toxic to normal epithelial cells. In conclusion, we describe major difference in interactions of cl-micelles with cancer and normal cells that can lead to development of novel drug delivery system with reduced side effects and higher efficacy in cancer chemotherapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Doxorubicin / pharmacokinetics*
  • Drug Delivery Systems / methods*
  • Endocytosis*
  • Humans
  • Nanoparticles*
  • Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Doxorubicin