Quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO) is often used as part of soil cleanup operations to remove contaminants or to create more favorable physical soil conditions for treatment. The extent to which quicklime chemically reacts with trichloroethylene (TCE) was evaluated by reacting CaO with a TCE-water mixture in test vessels designed to minimize volatilization loss. The impact of excess water and the presence of air were evaluated. During the hydration of CaO, a fraction of the spiked TCE was destroyed, and several different byproducts were detected (chloride and several organic chemicals). The primary organic byproduct was dichloroacetylene (DCA). In the presence of air, the degradation of DCA resulted in the formation of perchloroethylene (PCE), hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCDE), and chloroacetylene (CA). The maximum amount of TCE degradation occurred with a CaO/H(2)O ratio of 1:1 in the presence of air. The formation of DCA was hindered by the presence of excess water. In the presence of excess water (a CaO/H(2)O ratio of 1:2) the detected byproducts accounted for less than 4% of the total chlorine originally spiked as TCE.