An antiplasmodial bioguided investigation of the EtOAc extract of the aerial parts of Teucrium ramosissimum led to isolation and identification of three sesquiterpenoids, teucmosin, 4alpha-hydroxy-homalomenol C, 1beta,4beta,7alpha-trihydroxy-8,9-eudesmene and two trinorsesquiterpenoids, 4beta-hydroxy-11,12,13-trinor-5-eudesmen-1,7-dione and 1beta,4beta-dihydroxy-11,12,13-trinor-8,9-eudesmen-7-one together with five known sesquiterpenoids, oplopanone, homalomenol C, oxo-T-cadinol, 1beta,4beta,6beta-trihydroxyeudesmane, 1beta,4beta,7alpha-trihydroxyeudesmane and four flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, salvigenin, genkwanin and cirsimaritin. The structures and the relative stereochemistry were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic studies including 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). Homalomenol C, 4beta-hydroxy-11,12,13-trinor-5-eudesmen-1,7-dione, oxo-T-cadinol and 1beta,4beta,6beta-trihydroxyeudesmane displayed a significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC(50) values ranging from 1.2 to 5.0 microg/ml. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was observed upon the human diploid lung cell line MRC-5 for these compounds.