In Bacillus subtilis, the yoxA and dacC genes were proposed to form an operon. The yoxA gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and its product fused to a polyhistidine tag was purified. An aldose-1-epimerase or mutarotase activity was measured with the YoxA protein that we propose to rename as GalM by analogy with its counterpart in E. coli. The peptide D-Glu-delta-m-A(2)pm-D-Ala-m-A(2)pm-D-Ala mimicking the B. subtilis and E. coli interpeptide bridge was synthesized and incubated with the purified dacC product, the PBP4a. A clear dd-endopeptidase activity was obtained with this penicillin-binding protein, or PBP. The possible role of this class of PBP, present in almost all bacteria, is discussed.