Ten patients who underwent autologous blood-derived stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) were studied retrospectively to determine the frequency and outcome of transplant associated infections during the hemopoietic reconstitution. Six patients developed an infection after transplant. Severe bacterial infections were unfrequent and mostly caused by gram-positive cocci. In no case pneumonia was observed and this scarce morbility of infection could be the result of early engraftment. None of them died for infection. The frequency of infections in APBSCT patients appears lower than the one observed in autologous bone marrow transplant patients.