Design, biometric simulation and optimization of a nano-enabled scaffold device for enhanced delivery of dopamine to the brain

Int J Pharm. 2009 Dec 1;382(1-2):277-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.021. Epub 2009 Aug 22.

Abstract

This study focused on the design, biometric simulation and optimization of an intracranial nano-enabled scaffold device (NESD) for the site-specific delivery of dopamine (DA) as a strategy to minimize the peripheral side-effects of conventional forms of Parkinson's disease therapy. The NESD was modulated through biometric simulation and computational prototyping to produce a binary crosslinked alginate scaffold embedding stable DA-loaded cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) nanoparticles optimized in accordance with Box-Behnken statistical designs. The physicomechanical properties of the NESD were characterized and in vitro and in vivo release studies performed. Prototyping predicted a 3D NESD model with enhanced internal micro-architecture. SEM and TEM revealed spherical, uniform and non-aggregated DA-loaded nanoparticles with the presence of CAP (FTIR bands at 1070, 1242 and 2926 cm(-1)). An optimum nanoparticle size of 197 nm (PdI=0.03), a zeta potential of -34.00 mV and a DEE of 63% was obtained. The secondary crosslinker BaCl(2) imparted crystallinity resulting in significant thermal shifts between native CAP (T(g)=160-170 degrees C; T(m)=192 degrees C) and CAP nanoparticles (T(g)=260 degrees C; T(m)=268 degrees C). DA release displayed an initial lag phase of 24 h and peaked after 3 days, maintaining favorable CSF (10 microg/mL) versus systemic concentrations (1-2 microg/mL) over 30 days and above the inherent baseline concentration of DA (1 microg/mL) following implantation in the parenchyma of the frontal lobe of the Sprague-Dawley rat model. The strategy of coupling polymeric scaffold science and nanotechnology enhanced the site-specific delivery of DA from the NESD.

MeSH terms

  • Alginates / chemistry
  • Animals
  • Antiparkinson Agents / administration & dosage
  • Antiparkinson Agents / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Antiparkinson Agents / chemistry
  • Antiparkinson Agents / pharmacokinetics*
  • Biometry*
  • Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  • Cellulose / analogs & derivatives
  • Cellulose / chemistry
  • Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  • Computer Simulation*
  • Computer-Aided Design*
  • Cross-Linking Reagents / chemistry
  • Dopamine / administration & dosage
  • Dopamine / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Dopamine / chemistry
  • Dopamine / pharmacokinetics*
  • Drug Carriers*
  • Drug Compounding
  • Drug Implants
  • Frontal Lobe / metabolism*
  • Glucuronic Acid / chemistry
  • Hexuronic Acids / chemistry
  • Kinetics
  • Male
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Models, Molecular
  • Models, Statistical
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Nanoparticles*
  • Particle Size
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Solubility
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
  • Surface Properties
  • Technology, Pharmaceutical / methods*

Substances

  • Alginates
  • Antiparkinson Agents
  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • Drug Carriers
  • Drug Implants
  • Hexuronic Acids
  • Glucuronic Acid
  • Cellulose
  • cellulose acetate phthalate
  • Dopamine