Primary objective: To assess the inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) in lower limb muscle spasticity.
Research design: Cross-sectional observational study.
Interventions: Not applicable.
Methods and procedures: Twenty-two adults with neurological conditions (17 women, five men, age range 21-82 years; mean +/- SD, 44 +/- 18 years) participated. Hip adductor, knee extensor and ankle plantarflexor were assessed in a random order.
Main outcomes and results: Inter-rater agreement for two raters was very good for the hip adductor and the knee extensor (weighted kappa = 0.82, p < 0.0001) and good for the ankle plantarflexor (weighted kappa = 0.74, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: The Modified Modified Ashworth Scale produced reliable measurements between raters in the assessment of lower limb muscle spasticity.