We present a case of severe hyperkalemia in a 48-year-old man after short-term infusion of an average dose of propofol. We suspected that the hyperkalemia in this patient was a sign of propofol infusion syndrome. The patient was undergoing a video-assisted esophagectomy, for which one-lung ventilation, with air/oxygen, isoflurane, and continuous epidural analgesia was supplemented with propofol infusion. In the intraoperative period, the patient developed severe hyperkalemia with mild acidosis but no cardiovascular failure. There were no other evident causes of hyperkalemia as documented by laboratory data. The procedure was abandoned and the patient was taken to postoperative recovery, where his potassium levels returned to normal at the end of 10 h.