Background: Levosimendan improves myocardial contractility, and increases systemic, pulmonary and coronary vasodilation. The present study investigates the perioperative hemodynamic effects of a prophylactic infusion of levosimendan in high-risk cardiac surgery patients with severe left ventricle dysfunction, and compares short-term clinical outcomes with a historical control group in which dobutamine and milrinone were used.
Patients and methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed in 10 adult patients with EuroSCOREs greater than six and severe left ventricle dysfunction. In the study group, prophylactic levosimendan infusion was started after the induction of general anesthesia (bolus 24 mug/kg over 10 min; continuous infusion 0.1 mug/kg/min over the next 24 h). The historical control group (12 patients) was treated with dobutamine and milrinone. The hemodynamic measurements were performed at eight predetermined time points. Short-term clinical outcomes recorded in both groups were the length of intensive care unit stay, the need for dialysis, the length of hospital stay, predicted mortality (logistic EuroSCORE) and 30-day mortality.
Results: Hemodynamic measurements performed in the study group revealed an increase in cardiac index 30 min after levosimendan infusion was started. Cardiac performance was sufficient throughout the entire perioperative period. The length of intensive care unit stay was not different between the groups, but the length of hospital stay (10.4+/-5.0 versus 26.6+/-17.6 days; P=0.01) and 30-day mortality (0% versus 41.7%; P=0.04) were significantly lower in levosimendan-treated patients.
Conclusions: Levosimendan seemed to be an effective choice for preventing left ventricle failure in high-risk cardiac surgical patients with severe left ventricle dysfunction compared with patients receiving dobutamine and milrinone.
Keywords: EuroSCORE; High-risk cardiac surgery; Inotropic drugs; Left ventricle dysfunction; Levosimendan.