Discussions whether hypoalbuminemia is just a marker for the malnutrition-inflammation syndrome as well as for the increased morbidity and mortality of those patients or is it an etiological factor, are becoming more and more intense. In this research of the relation between hypoalbuminemia and the complications that threaten the vascular access with special reference to infection, and consequently to the life of the patients treated with chronic haemodialysis, we have chosen 120 patients with terminal renal insufficiency (ESRD) treated at the Clinical Hospital Mostar by chronic haemodialysis. The chosen patients for this study were observed throughout a time period of 18 months. Only the patients who, at the moment of starting the research did not exhibit either a local or a systemic infection, as well as no signs of any other complication that might have endangered the vascular access and consequently the life of the patient, were selected. From the 120 (100.0%) patients, 86.8% of them had a serum albumin level below 40.0 g/L. By analysing the research results of the clinical material, it has been established that in patients with serum albumin level below 40.0 g/L, the infection incidence was significantly higher than in those patients with the albumin level above 40.0 g/L (chi2 = 7.215 P = 0.0077). The complication incidence is significantly higher (chi2 = 9.92 P = 0.0022) among the patients with serum albumin level below 40.0 g/L, than in those patients with higher serum level. Among the patients with a serum albumin level lower than 40.0 g/L, the sepses incidence was significantly higher (chi2 = 4.77 P = 0.03), than among those patients with a serum albumin level above this value. However, the difference in incidence of local infection of the vascular access between the group of patients with a serum albumin level below 40.0 g/L and those patients with albumin level above this value is not significant (chi2 = 0.65 P = 0.69). The total infection incidence in the 120 observed patients was 3.8 episodes per 100 patient months, and within the parameters mentioned by other authors.