Integrin alphavbeta6 is an epithelial-specific receptor that is absent from the healthy epidermis but synthesized de novo during wound repair. However, its function in wound repair is unknown. Integrin-mediated transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) activation is the main activation mechanism of this key cytokine in vivo. Impaired wound healing caused by glucocorticoids is a major clinical problem and is associated with a disturbed balance of TGF-beta1 activity. Therefore, alphavbeta6 integrin-mediated regulation of TGF-beta1 activity may be involved in this process. To determine the function of alphavbeta6 integrin in glucocorticoid-induced impaired wound healing, both beta6 integrin-deficient (beta6-/-) and wild-type mice were exposed to dexamethasone treatment. Multiple wound parameters, keratinocyte proliferation, inflammation, and TGF-beta1 activation were assessed. Wound healing was significantly accelerated in the dexamethasone-treated beta6-/- mice compared with the corresponding wild-type mice. The dexamethasone-treated beta6-/- mice showed enhanced keratinocyte proliferation in both wound epithelium and hair follicles while the production of proinflammatory cytokines and TGF-beta1 activation were reduced. Accelerated wound repair in the dexamethasone-treated beta6-/- mice might be associated with the reduced antiproliferative and proinflammatory effects of TGF-beta1. Inhibition of alphavbeta6 integrin may provide a future target for treatment of impaired wound healing.