The study of diastolic function by Doppler-echocardiography is complex and demanding. The cardiologist/echocardiographist must have a systematic approach to the study of left ventricular diastolic function, not only based on the Doppler index, but integrating Doppler patterns with other echo-parameters (chamber dimensions, wall thicknesses, systolic function, valve function and morphology) and clinical information. A rational interpretation of clinical and instrumental data can allow a correct diagnosis, which is essential for clinical decision-making.