The magnitude of CD4+ T cell recall responses is controlled by the duration of the secondary stimulus

J Immunol. 2009 Aug 15;183(4):2382-9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900319. Epub 2009 Jul 15.

Abstract

The parameters controlling the generation of robust CD4(+) T cell recall responses remain poorly defined. In this study, we compare recall responses by CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells following rechallenge. Homologous rechallenge of mice immune to either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or Listeria monocytogenes results in robust CD8(+) T cell recall responses but poor boosting of CD4(+) T cell recall responses in the same host. In contrast, heterologous rechallenge with a pathogen sharing only a CD4(+) T cell epitope results in robust boosting of CD4(+) T cell recall responses. The disparity in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell recall responses cannot be attributed to competition for growth factors or APCs, as robust CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell recall responses can be simultaneously induced following rechallenge with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Instead, CD4(+) T cell recall responses are dependent on the duration of the secondary challenge. Increasing the rechallenge dose results in more potent boosting of CD4(+) T cell recall responses and artificially limiting the duration of secondary infection following heterologous rechallenge adversely impacts the magnitude of CD4(+) T cell, but not CD8(+) T cell, recall responses. These findings suggest that rapid pathogen clearance by secondary CTL following homologous rechallenge prevents optimal boosting of CD4(+) T cell responses and therefore have important practical implications in the design of vaccination and boosting strategies aimed at promoting CD4(+) T cell-mediated protection.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / microbiology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / microbiology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cricetinae
  • Immunization, Secondary* / methods
  • Immunologic Memory*
  • Listeria monocytogenes / immunology
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / immunology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Ovalbumin / administration & dosage
  • Ovalbumin / immunology
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Ovalbumin