To investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation in Chinese familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), peripheral blood samples were collected from 7 members of a Chinese HCM family, and 120 normal subjects were recruited as control. The full encoding exons and flanking sequences of the cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) gene, beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) gene and myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) gene were amplified and the products were sequenced directly to detect the mutations. A missense mutation, c.1273G>A, was identified in exon 14 of the MYH7 gene in 4 members of the Chinese HCM family, which resulted a glycine (Gly) to arginine (Arg) exchange at amino acid residue 425. The 425th glycine amino acid residue is highly conservative across the different species. The clinical phenotypes among the family members who carried this mutation presented significant individual differences. The c.1273G>A mutation of the MYH7 gene might be the causal mutation of the familial HCM. The heterogeneity of phenotypes suggested that multiple factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of HCM.