Unified picture of superfluidity: from Bogoliubov's approximation to Popov's hydrodynamic theory

Phys Rev Lett. 2009 May 15;102(19):190401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.190401. Epub 2009 May 14.

Abstract

Using a nonperturbative renormalization-group technique, we compute the momentum and frequency dependence of the anomalous self-energy and the one-particle spectral function of two-dimensional interacting bosons at zero temperature. Below a characteristic momentum scale k_{G}, where the Bogoliubov approximation breaks down, the anomalous self-energy develops a square-root singularity and the Goldstone mode of the superfluid phase (Bogoliubov sound mode) coexists with a continuum of excitations, in agreement with the predictions of Popov's hydrodynamic theory. Thus our results provide a unified picture of superfluidity in interacting boson systems and connect Bogoliubov's theory (valid for momenta larger than k_{G}) to Popov's hydrodynamic approach.