Ion pairing and salt structure in organic salts through diffusion, Overhauser, DFT and X-ray methods

Chemistry. 2009 Jul 13;15(28):6848-62. doi: 10.1002/chem.200900021.

Abstract

Pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) diffusion characteristics for a) the new [brucinium][X] salts 6 a-f [a: X = BF(4)(-); b: X = PF(6)(-); c: X = MeSO(3)(-), d: X = CF(3)SO(3)(-); e: X = BArF(-); f: X = PtCl(3)(C(2)H(4))(-)], b) 4-tert-butyl-N-benzyl analogue, 7 and c) the aryl carbocations (p-R-C(6)H(4))(2)CH 9 a (R = CH(3)O) and 9 b (R = (CH(3))(2)N), (p-CH(3)O-C(6)H(4))(x)CPh(3-x)(+) 10 a-c (x = 1-3, respectively) and (p-R-C(6)H(4))(3)C(+) 11 (R = (CH(3))(2)N) and 12 (R = H) all in several different solvents, are reported. The solvent dependence suggests strong ion pairing in CDCl(3), intermediate ion pairing in CD(2)Cl(2) and little ion pairing in [D(6)]acetone. (1)H, (19)F HOESY NMR spectra (HOESY: heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) for 6 and 7 reveal a specific approach of the anion with respect to the brucinium cation plus subtle changes, which are related to the anion itself. Further, for carbocations 9-12, (all as BF(4)(-) salts) based on the NOE results, one finds marked changes in the relative positions of the BF(4)(-) anion. In these aryl cationic species the anion can be located either a) very close to the carbonium ion carbon b) in an intermediate position or c) proximate to the N or O atom of the p-substituent and remote from the formally positive C atom. This represents the first example of such a positional dependence of an anion on the structure of the carbocation. DFT calculations support the experimental HOESY results. The solid-state structures for 6 c and the novel Zeise's salt derivative, [brucinium][PtCl(3)(C(2)H(4))], 6 f, are reported. Analysis of (195)Pt NMR and other NMR measurements suggest that the eta(2)-C(2)H(4) bonding to the platinum centre in 6 f is very similar to that found in K[PtCl(3)(C(2)H(4))]. Field dependent T(1) measurements on [brucinium][PtCl(3)(C(2)H(4))] and K[PtCl(3)(C(2)H(4))], are reported and suggested to be useful in recognizing aggregation effects.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Computer Graphics
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Ions / chemistry*
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Models, Molecular
  • Salts / chemistry*
  • Solvents

Substances

  • Ions
  • Salts
  • Solvents