Background: We aimed to examine access to care of opioid-dependent patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Methods: A standardized form was used to conduct a retrospective survey from 1999 to 2003 in a French university hospital. All HCV RNA positive in- or outpatients who had not had a liver biopsy or anti-HCV treatment were included. Opioid-dependence was defined as active opioid drug use or being on opioid substitution treatment.
Results: The survey included 580 patients; 137 (23.6%) were opioid-dependent. Fewer patients with than without current opioid dependence had had genotyping (40.1% versus 67.7%, p<0.001), liver biopsy (51.8% versus 62.8%, p=0.022), and anti-HCV treatment (8.8% versus 18.3%, p=0.008). Genotyping was independently, negatively, associated with: (1) current opioid-dependence (OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.2-0.5), (2) former opioid-dependence (OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.3-0.9), (3) unemployment (OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.3-0.7), and (4) HCV infection discovered by screening (OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.3-0.7). Access to liver biopsy was independently, negatively associated with current opioid-dependence (OR=0.6, 95%CI=0.4-0.9), but positively associated with alcohol consumption (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2-3.4) and abnormal ALT level (OR=2.2, 95%CI=1.5-3.2). Access to anti-HCV treatment was independently, negatively associated with HCV infection discovered by screening (OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.3-0.9), but positively associated with moderate hepatitis (OR=6.8, 95%CI=2.8-16.8), extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis (OR=12.3, 95%CI=5.5-27.5), abnormal ALT level (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.3-3.6) and age (40-64 years) (OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.0-3.4).
Conclusions: Genotyping and liver biopsies were performed less frequently on current opioid dependent patients. Absence of genotyping was also independently associated with unemployment and former opioid-dependence. Alcohol consumption or abnormal ALT levels favored access to biopsy. Histological grade strongly conditioned access to anti-HCV treatment.