Genetic factors determine resistance or susceptibility to development of many cardiovascular diseases. The study of polymorphisms of gene candidayes is a perpective approach in detection of risk and prognosis of outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. Most studied with the help of proven base genes are: ACE gene, angiotensin II gene, NO synthase gene, and estrogen receptor gene. Polymorphism of candidate genes has various clinical consequences in men and women. Despite small number of data devoted to gender differences our work sums up existing results of studies of polymorphisms of above mentioned 4 genes with consideration of gender peculiarities.