Scientific evidence has placed community nutrition among the front-line strategies in health promotion. Community nutrition in different regions of Spain has developed at an unequal pace. Early initiatives in the mid 1980s provided good-quality population data and established a basis for nutrition surveillance including individual body measurements, dietary intake data, information on physical activity, and biomarkers. The Nutrition and Physical Activity for Obesity Prevention Strategy (NAOS) reinforces community nutrition action in Spain. Presented here is an overview of developments in community nutrition in Spain in recent years as well as potential trends under the scope of the NAOS.