Wrapping nanocrystals with an amphiphilic polymer preloaded with fixed amounts of fluorophore generates FRET-based nanoprobes with a controlled donor/acceptor ratio

Langmuir. 2009 Mar 3;25(5):3232-9. doi: 10.1021/la8038347.

Abstract

Colloidal nanocrystal (NC) donors wrapped with a polymer coating including multiple organic acceptor molecules are promising scaffolds for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanobiosensors. Over other self-assembling donor-acceptor configurations, our preloaded polymers have the virtue of producing compact assemblies with a fixed donor/acceptor distance. This property, together with the possibility of stoichiometric polymer loading, allowed us to directly address how the FRET efficiency depended on the donor/acceptor. At the population level, nanoprobes based on commercial as well as custom CdSe/ZnS donors displayed the expected dose-dependent rise in transfer efficiency, saturating from about five ATTO dyes/NC. However, for a given acceptor concentration, both the intensity and lifetime of single-pair FRET data revealed a large dispersion of transfer efficiencies, highlighting an important heterogeneity among nominally identical FRET-based nanoprobes. Rigorous quality check during synthesis and shell assembly as well as postsynthesis sorting and purification are required to make hybrid semiconductor-organic nanoprobes a robust and viable alternative to organic or genetically encoded nanobiosensors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cyclohexanes / chemistry
  • Diffusion
  • Emulsions
  • Ethanol / chemistry
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / methods*
  • Hydrolysis
  • Kinetics
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Micelles
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / methods
  • Models, Statistical
  • Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Nanotechnology / methods*
  • Oils
  • Temperature

Substances

  • Cyclohexanes
  • Emulsions
  • Micelles
  • Oils
  • Ethanol
  • Cyclohexane