Why do granular materials stiffen with shear rate? Test of novel stress-based statistics

Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Dec 31;101(26):268301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.268301.

Abstract

Recent experiments exhibit a rate dependence for granular shear such that the stress grows linearly in the logarithm of the shear rate, gamma. Assuming a generalized activated process mechanism, we show that these observations are consistent with a recent proposal for a stress-based statistical ensemble. By contrast, predictions for rate dependence using conventional energy-based statistical mechanics to describe activated processes, predicts a rate dependence of (ln(gamma))(1/2).