The aim of our study was assessment of clinical efficacy and safety of a new alpha-adrenoblocker kamiren XL in patients with prostatic adenoma (PA) with or without acute retention of urine (ARU). Seventy PA patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 35) patients had no ARU. They received kamiren XL in a dose 4 mg/day for 1 month. Group 2 (n = 35) patients received the same doses of kamiren XL in addition to urethral catheterization for 3-7 days. In group 1 efficacy of the pharmacotherapy reached 91.4%. Overall symptoms score fell by 45.2% (from 18.5 +/- 6.9 to 10.2 +/- 5.9), quality of life--by 36.5% (from 3.7 +/- 1.5 to 2.4 +/- 1.4), volume of residual urine diminished by 54.9% (from 35.2 +/- 42.1 to 15.9 +/- 24.4 ml), Qmax rose by 37.7% (from 9.6 +/- 2.7 to 13.3 +/- 4.6 ml/s). Side effects (weakness--11.4%, vertigo--8.6%, sleepiness--5.7%) were registered in 5 (14.3%) patients. The drug produced significant changes neither in systolic, diastolic blood pressure nor heart rate. In group 2 urination resumed in 25 (71.4%) patients. Of them, 45.7% patients considered their voiding satisfactory, control ultrasound investigation detected that their residual urine was less than 50 ml while Qmax was over 5 ml/s. Difficulties in urination were experienced by 25.7% patients who demonstrated residual urine in the range 10-210 ml and Qmax under 5 ml/s. Side effects were seen in 14.3% patients. Thus, alpha-adrenoblocker kamiren XL (doxasozine retard) is a highly effective and safe drug for treatment of PA patients including those with ARU.