Background: Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Q-biotype has readily developed resistance to numerous insecticide classes. Studies in the Mediterranean area are needed to clarify the resistance status and cross-resistance patterns in this invasive whitefly biotype. The levels of resistance in nymphs of seven strains of B. tabaci Q-biotype from south-eastern Spain to representative insecticides were determined.
Results: Six populations had low to moderate levels of resistance to azadirachtin (0.2- to 7-fold), buprofezin (11- to 59-fold), imidacloprid (1- to 15-fold), methomyl (3- to 55-fold), pyridaben (0.9- to 9-fold), pyriproxyfen (0.7- to 15-fold) and spiromesifen (1- to 7-fold), when compared with a contemporary Spanish Q-biotype reference population (LC(50) = 2.7, 8.7, 15.2, 19.9, 0.34, 20.9 and 1.1 mg L(-1) respectively). A single population collected from a greenhouse subject to intensive insecticide use exhibited generally higher resistance levels to the same array of compounds (31-, 1164-, 3-, 52-, 9-, 19- and 3-fold respectively). Pyridaben and spiromesifen were extremely effective against nymphs of all strains, with LC(50) values significantly below recommended application rates.
Conclusion: In contrast to previous reports, high rates of efficacy exist for numerous insecticide classes against B. tabaci Q-biotype populations in these intensive agricultural regions of south-eastern Spain. This probably reflects the recent and significant reductions in exposure that have resulted from a wider uptake of IPM technologies and strategies. However, the continued presence of resistance genes also suggests that a reversion to levels of high insecticide exposure could result in a rapid selection for resistance.