We report on the utilization of gold nanorods to create a highly responsive glucose biosensor. The feasibility of an amperometric glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) in gold nanorod is investigated. GOx is simply mixed with gold nanorods and cross-linked with a cellulose acetate (CA) medium by glutaraldehyde. The adsorption of GOx on the gold nanorods is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Circular dichroism (CD) and UV-spectrum results show that the activity of GOx was preserved after conjugating with gold nanorods. The current response of modified electrode is 10 times higher than that of without gold nanorods. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor shows high sensitivity (8.4 microA cm(-2) mM(-1)), low detection limit (2x10(-5) M), good storage stability and high affinity to glucose (K(m)(app)=3.84 mM). A linear calibration plot is obtained in the wide concentration range from 3x10(-5) to 2.2x10(-3) M.