Recent measles outbreaks observed in North America and in several European countries, including Italy, raised the attention about the risks linked to this infection and the need of implementing and maintaining adequate preventive strategies. Measles may cause several respiratory complications such as chronic obstructive lung disease, pneumonia, with subsequent development of chronic suppurative lung disease, giant cells pneumonia or progressive respiratory insufficiency. The current preventive strategies aim to improve vaccination coverage rates with 2 doses of measles-mumps and rubella vaccine, and to catch up individuals who have not been previously vaccinated. The present review analyses pulmonary complications of measles and measles preventive strategies. Elimination of measles is a feasible goal. Since measles complications are preventable by vaccination, improvement in vaccination coverage is highly desirable.