Detailed analysis of the population structure of Dagestan ethnic groups based on data on the ABO and Rhesus blood groups has been carried out. A total of 32101 representatives of the nine largest ethnic groups of Dagestan (from 682 auls in 46 raions) have been examined. This allows a comprehensive genetic landscape of the Dagestan population to be drawn. Comparison of the ethnic groups studied with other Caucasian ethnic groups makes it possible to determine the position of the Dagestan gene pool in the total structure of the Caucasian gene pool.