Molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTN) comprise a group of interrelated diseases with a varying degree of aggressiveness. Complete and partial molar pregnancy, invasive mole, placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and choriocarcinoma cover the spectrum of GTN. GTN is one of the few highly curable human tumors, even in the setting of advanced disease and widespread metastases. Although GTN typically follows a molar pregnancy, they can occur after any gestational event. This review discusses the basic principles of management and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with GTN.