Role of Pre-A motif in nitric oxide scavenging by truncated hemoglobin, HbN, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

J Biol Chem. 2009 May 22;284(21):14457-68. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M807436200. Epub 2009 Mar 27.

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin, HbN, is endowed with a potent nitric-oxide dioxygenase activity and has been found to relieve nitrosative stress and enhance in vivo survival of a heterologous host, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, within the macrophages. These findings implicate involvement of HbN in the defense of M. tuberculosis against nitrosative stress. The protein carries a tunnel system composed of a short and a long tunnel branch that has been proposed to facilitate diatomic ligand migration to the heme and an unusual Pre-A motif at the N terminus, which does not contribute significantly to the structural integrity of the protein, as it protrudes out of the compact globin fold. Strikingly, deletion of Pre-A region from the M. tuberculosis HbN drastically reduces its ability to scavenge nitric oxide (NO), whereas its insertion at the N terminus of Pre-A lacking HbN of Mycobacterium smegmatis improved its nitric-oxide dioxygenase activity. Titration of the oxygenated adduct of HbN and its mutants with NO indicated that the stoichiometric oxidation of protein is severalfold slower when the Pre-A region is deleted in HbN. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the excision of Pre-A motif results in distinct changes in the protein dynamics, which cause the gate of the tunnel long branch to be trapped into a closed conformation, thus impeding migration of diatomic ligands toward the heme active site. The present study, thus, unequivocally demonstrates vital function of Pre-A region in NO scavenging and unravels its unique role by which HbN might attain its efficient NO-detoxification ability.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Motifs
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Computer Simulation
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Free Radical Scavengers / metabolism*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutant Proteins / chemistry
  • Mutant Proteins / metabolism
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis / drug effects
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis / metabolism
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / drug effects
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / metabolism*
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism*
  • Nitric Oxide / toxicity
  • Oxidation-Reduction / drug effects
  • Pliability / drug effects
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Sequence Deletion / drug effects
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thermodynamics
  • Truncated Hemoglobins / chemistry*
  • Truncated Hemoglobins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Mutant Proteins
  • Truncated Hemoglobins
  • Nitric Oxide