The characteristic of landmark spectrum is not only the physical base of remote sensing technical application but also the base of the quantificational analysis of remote sensing, and the study of landmark spectrum is the main content in the basic research of remote sensing. In the present paper, the authors adopted CI700 portable spectrum apparatus made in American CID Company, and investigated or examined some spots in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers located in the north of Tarim Basin considered as the typical area, based on a great deal of spectral data for different kinds of geo-targets, and the spectral features and changing law of saline-alkaline ground, silver sand ground, dune, cotton ground etc. Alhagi sparsifolia., Phragmites australis, Tamarix, Halostachys caspica etc. were analyzed. According to the actual conditions, we analyzed the data noise characteristic of the spectrum and got rid of the noise. Meanwhile, derivative spectrum technology was used to remove the environmental background influence. Finally, in order to take full advantage of multi-spectrum data, ground information is absolutely necessary, and it is important to build a representative spectral library. The ENVI software was used to build the spectral library of surface features by field survey of the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa Rivers, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This library can be used for features investigation, vegetation surveys, vegetation classification and environmental monitoring in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa Rivers by remote sensing. The result of this research will be significant to the research on the saline-alkali soil in the arid area.