This study aims to compare economic and patient impacts of the treatment of acromegaly with two different somatostatin analogues (octreotide LAR and lanreotide SR) in Brazil. A cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out under the Brazilian Public Health Care System (SUS) perspective. A decision analytical model was developed based on the Brazilian Public Health Care System Clinical Guideline for Acromegaly. A hypothetical cohort of 276 patients was followed for two years. Data were extracted from literature and administrative databases. Based on the analytical model, treatment with octreotide LAR would avoid 12 and 17 cases of GH and IGF-I elevated serum levels, respectively. Octreotide LAR was a cost-saving strategy, with net savings of R$10,448,324 (US$4,465,096) to SUS. Annual net savings per patient were R$ 18,928 (US$8,089). Treatment of acromegaly with octreotide LAR is a dominant strategy when compared to the treatment with lanreotide SR in Brazil. Sensitivity analysis did not alter the cost-saving status.