A group of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria was isolated from the root environment of Arabidopsis thaliana. The genetic diversity revealed by REP-PCR fingerprinting indicated that the isolates correspond to different strains. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates are closely related to the strains Rhizobium sp. YAS34 and USDA 1920, respectively isolated from sunflower roots and Medicago ruthenica nodules. These bacteria belong to the Rhizobium lineage of the Alphaproteobacteria, and the closest known species was Rhizobium sullae. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and biochemical analysis demonstrated that the nine strains isolated from A. thaliana and Rhizobium strains YAS34 and USDA 1920 constitute a novel species within the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium alamii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GBV016(T) (=CFBP 7146(T) =LMG 24466(T)).