The anaerobic biological azo dyes reduction process was successfully applied to decolourization of the concentrates from the nanofiltration treatment of real textile effluents. The anaerobic phase was followed by aerobic oxidation aimed at the destruction of the aromatic amine released from azo dye. In the first experiment sequential batch reactor (SBR) combining both the anaerobic and aerobic phase in one unit was used. In the second one the anaerobic stage was separated from the aerobic one. The anaerobic phase fulfilled its aim (decolourization) in both systems (over 90%). In opposite, the aromatic amine was completely degraded in the aerobic reactor (two-sludge system), whereas the orthanilic acid was not degraded (during the aerobic phase) in SBR reactor. The COD reduction was also higher in the two-sludge system than in SBR.