Template synthesis is one of the most effective methods for the preparation of one-dimensional polymer-based nanostructures (1DPNs). Both hollow nanotubes and solid nanorods or nanofibers with tailored dimensions can be obtained by simply templating a porous material with suitable pore size. The mechanism of polymer infiltration into the pores is also very important in order to obtain the desired one-dimensional nanostructures and to control their final morphology. In this study, several infiltration methods were explored with the aim to obtain different 1DPNs. It was shown that, with these infiltration methods, it is possible to obtain nanofibers and nanotubes of any diameter and length composed of polymers with a wide chemical nature (poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinylidene fluoride), etc.), or even composed of nanoparticulate composites. Finally, the selection of infiltration method for desired nanostructure is discussed.