While aggressive endoluminal therapy for superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease is commonplace, the implications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on long-term outcomes in this population are unclear. We examined the consequences of endovascular treatment of the SFA in patients with and without varying stages of CKD. A database of patients undergoing endovascular treatment of the SFA between 1986 and 2007 was queried, and two groups were defined: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <or=60 and >60 mL/min/1.73 cm(2). Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results were standardized to TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC-II) and Society for Vascular Surgery criteria. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess time-dependent outcomes. Factor analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model for time-dependent variables. Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation where appropriate. There were 525 limbs in 535 patients (68% male, average age 66 +/- 14 years) that underwent endovascular treatment for claudication or chronic critical limb ischemia (51%). Patients with eGFR <or=60 were older and had significantly more coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. TASC-II lesion distribution was equivalent (37% for TASC-II C and D), but tibial runoff was significantly worse in the eGFR <or=60 group. In addition, there were more inflow and outflow interventions in the eGFR <or=60 group. In patients with claudication, there was no difference in patency or limb salvage between those with eGFR <or=60 and >60. In patients with critical limb ischemia, there was no difference in patency between those with eGFR <or=60 and >60. Limb salvage was worse in patients with eGFR <or=60 compared to eGFR >60. With respect to limb salvage, six factors were significantly associated with a reduction in rates: presence of tissue loss at presentation (relative risk [RR] = 6.45, p = 0.003), 0 or 1 vessel tibial runoff (RR = 2.56, p < 0.01), progression of distal disease noted in follow-up (RR = 4.62, p < 0.01), embolization at the initial intervention (RR = 2.70, p < 0.05), diabetes mellitus (RR = 3.71, p < 0.01), and a history of congestive heart disease (RR = 2.42, p < 0.01). Notable factors that were not significantly associated included lesion calcification (p = 0.64), TASC C or D lesion categorization (p = 0.99), acute occlusion at initial intervention (p = 0.40), and adjuvant stenting (p = 0.67). CKD does not impact the patency of SFA interventions. Limb salvage in patients with critical ischemia is significantly worse when the eGFR is <or=60 mL/min/1.73 cm(2).