Aims: We tested the hypothesis that daidzein may reduce myocardial damage by both inhibiting the release of cytokines and limiting the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.
Main methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 25 min. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion was established, the hemodynamics and infarct size were examined.
Key findings: Treatment with daidzein (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h prior to the ischemia/reperfusion procedure (I/R) reduced the infarct size by 52.8% (P<0.05). Daidzein also significantly improved I/R-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction by improving the left ventricular diastolic pressure and the positive and negative maximal values of the first derivative of the left ventricular pressure. In addition, daidzein reduced the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in I/R rats and decreased malondialdehyde levels, myeloperoxidase activity, catalase activity and neutrophil infiltration in I/R rat myocardium. Interestingly, daidzein inhibited I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis by decreasing DNA strand breaks and cleaved caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, daidzein inhibited both the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in I/R rat hearts and the H(2)O(2)-induced activation of NF-kappaB-luciferase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Significance: This study reveals that the administration of daidzein in vivo attenuates I/R-induced myocardial damage via inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which in turn may suppress inflammatory cytokine expression.