Despite a variable prevalence in the literature, OSAS is characterized by a higher frequency in men. This study involved a review of published data describing the impact of gender on features of OSAS. In women, OSAS seems to be associated with certain anatomical factors such as more significant obesity, a thinner oropharyngeal junction, a shorter uvula and reduced upper airway (UA) collapsibility, in comparison with men. Sleep related breathing disorders observed during pregnancy are more likely UA resistance syndrome than true OSAS, and are associated with severe fetal and maternal complications that could be improved by the use of nasal CPAP. Though OSAS symptoms are underestimated by women, the Epworth score as well as snoring are not influenced by gender. Gender does not seem to be a risk factor for increased mortality. Compliance with nasal CPAP is identical in both sexes, but oral appliance seem to be more effective in women. Further studies are needed to produce the required complementary data to confirm specific sex-related features in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAS.