Poor sleep and sleep-related breathing disorders are common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but are often unrecognized and undertreated. Sleep disorders are known negative prognostic factors for morbidity and mortality. The most frequent sleep disorders seen in patients with ESRD are conditioned insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive or central sleep apnea (SA), as well as restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Several uremic and nonuremic factors are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of sleep disorders in patients with ESRD. The therapy of sleeping disorders includes nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures that can improve the functionality and quality of life in patients with ESRD.