Schizopsychotic symptom-profiles and biomarkers: beacons in diagnostic labyrinths

Neurotox Res. 2008 Oct;14(2-3):79-96. doi: 10.1007/BF03033800.

Abstract

Several avenues of investigation through which the 'labyrinths' of schizopsychotic diagnosis may be examined, are offered by the consideration of the 'beacons' of symptom-profiles and biomarkers. Neurodevelopmental issues and risk assessment, neurocognitive factors of predictive necessity, supersensitivity in neurotransmitter systems, the implications of prodromal expressions of the disorder, functional dysconnectivity arising from prefrontal to diverse regional patterns and circuits with a neurodevelopmental origin, and heritable gene characteristics are viewed against the backdrop of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The associations between adolescent-adult use of cannabis, on the one hand, and, alternatively, the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities, e.g., GRIK4 and NPAS3, and mental retardation, on the other hand, with the symptom-profiles of schizopsychosis provide further evidence of emerging biomarkers of biological inheritance factors. The involvement of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, particularly in prefrontal region, with regard to functional integrity of cognitive systems is reviewed. It would appear that considerations of these disorders imply that one essential hub around which much of the neuropathology revolves may be observed in the various expressions of the cognitive and structural insufficiency.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers / metabolism*
  • Central Nervous System / growth & development
  • Central Nervous System / physiopathology
  • Cognition Disorders / physiopathology
  • Cognition Disorders / psychology
  • Humans
  • Neural Pathways / pathology
  • Neural Pathways / physiopathology
  • Neurogenesis
  • Risk Assessment*
  • Risk Factors
  • Schizophrenia / diagnosis*
  • Schizophrenia / genetics
  • Schizophrenia / physiopathology
  • Synaptic Transmission / genetics
  • Synaptic Transmission / physiology

Substances

  • Biomarkers