Aspergillosis occurs as an opportunistic infection, and is known as the disease whose diagnosis and treatment are particularly difficult. Japan's first guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infection were revised in 2007, and it is expected that the guidelines may encourage the standardization of the management of fungal infection. The algorithm of the guidelines is composed of three categories of diagnosis: "Proven infection", "Clinically documented infection or Probable infection" and "Possible infection"; and 2 categories of therapy: "empiric", and "targeting" therapy. The early diagnosis and establishment of treatment methods for, pulmonary aspergillosis, neither of which are adequate presently, are a pressing need. However, the recent development of several serological diagnostic methods and launching new antifungal drugs changes the diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for pulmonary aspergillosis.