Hybrid reuteransucrase enzymes reveal regions important for glucosidic linkage specificity and the transglucosylation/hydrolysis ratio

FEBS J. 2008 Dec;275(23):6002-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06729.x.

Abstract

The reuteransucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121 (GTFA) and L. reuteri strain ATCC 55730 (GTFO) convert sucrose into alpha-d-glucans (labelled reuterans) with mainly alpha-(1-->4) glucosidic linkages (50% and 70%, respectively), plus alpha-(1-->6) linkages. In the present study, we report a detailed analysis of various hybrid GTFA/O enzymes, resulting in the identification of specific regions in the N-termini of the catalytic domains of these proteins as the main determinants of glucosidic linkage specificity. These regions were divided into three equal parts (A1-3; O1-3), and used to construct six additional GTFA/O hybrids. All hybrid enzymes were able to synthesize alpha-glucans from sucrose, and oligosaccharides from sucrose plus maltose or isomaltose as acceptor substrates. Interestingly, not only the A2/O2 regions, with the three catalytic residues, affect glucosidic linkage specificity, but also the upstream A1/O1 regions make a strong contribution. Some GTFO derived hybrid/mutant enzymes displayed strongly increased transglucosylation/hydrolysis activity ratios. The reduced sucrose hydrolysis allowed the much improved conversion of sucrose into oligo- and polysaccharide products. Thus, the glucosidic linkage specificity and transglucosylation/hydrolysis ratios of reuteransucrase enzymes can be manipulated in a relatively simple manner. This engineering approach has yielded clear changes in oligosaccharide product profiles, as well as a range of novel reuteran products differing in alpha-(1-->4) and alpha-(1-->6) linkage ratios.

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Carbohydrate Conformation
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Disaccharides / chemistry
  • Disaccharides / metabolism
  • Glucans / biosynthesis
  • Glucosyltransferases / chemistry
  • Glucosyltransferases / genetics
  • Glucosyltransferases / metabolism*
  • Glycosylation
  • Hydrolysis
  • Isomaltose / chemistry
  • Isomaltose / metabolism
  • Limosilactobacillus reuteri / classification
  • Limosilactobacillus reuteri / enzymology*
  • Maltose / chemistry
  • Maltose / metabolism
  • Oligosaccharides / biosynthesis
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism*
  • Species Specificity
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Sucrose / chemistry
  • Sucrose / metabolism

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Disaccharides
  • Glucans
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Sucrose
  • Isomaltose
  • Maltose
  • Glucosyltransferases
  • leucrose