Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) neurotoxicity is modulated by the rate of peptide aggregation: Abeta dimers and trimers correlate with neurotoxicity

J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 12;28(46):11950-8. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3916-08.2008.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with its toxicity linked to the generation of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta). Within the Abeta sequence, there is a systemic repeat of a GxxxG motif, which theoretical studies have suggested may be involved in both peptide aggregation and membrane perturbation, processes that have been implicated in Abeta toxicity. We synthesized modified Abeta peptides, substituting glycine for leucine residues within the GxxxG repeat motif (GSL peptides). These GSL peptides undergo beta-sheet and fibril formation at an increased rate compared with wild-type Abeta. The accelerated rate of amyloid fibril formation resulted in a decrease in the presence of small soluble oligomers such as dimeric and trimeric forms of Abeta in solution, as detected by mass spectrometry. This reduction in the presence of small soluble oligomers resulted in reduced binding to lipid membranes and attenuated toxicity for the GSL peptides. The potential role that dimer and trimer species binding to lipid plays in Abeta toxicity was further highlighted when it was observed that annexin V, a protein that inhibits Abeta toxicity, specifically inhibited Abeta dimers from binding to lipid membranes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / metabolism
  • Alzheimer Disease / pathology
  • Alzheimer Disease / physiopathology
  • Amino Acid Motifs / physiology
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / chemistry
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / toxicity*
  • Animals
  • Annexin A5 / metabolism
  • Annexin A5 / pharmacology
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / physiology
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cerebral Cortex / drug effects
  • Cerebral Cortex / metabolism*
  • Cerebral Cortex / physiopathology
  • Dimerization
  • Membrane Lipids / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Neurons / drug effects
  • Neurons / metabolism*
  • Neurons / pathology
  • Peptide Fragments / toxicity*
  • Protein Binding / drug effects
  • Protein Binding / physiology
  • Protein Structure, Secondary / physiology

Substances

  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Annexin A5
  • Membrane Lipids
  • Peptide Fragments