Two distinct roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases in platelets and a novel Rac1-MAPK-dependent integrin outside-in retractile signaling pathway

Blood. 2009 Jan 22;113(4):893-901. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155978. Epub 2008 Oct 28.

Abstract

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38, and extracellular stimuli-responsive kinase (ERK), are acutely but transiently activated in platelets by platelet agonists, and the agonist-induced platelet MAPK activation is inhibited by ligand binding to the integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3). Here we show that, although the activation of MAPK, as indicated by MAPK phosphorylation, is initially inhibited after ligand binding to integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), integrin outside-insignaling results in a late but sustained activation of MAPKs in platelets. Furthermore, we show that the early agonist-induced MAPK activation and the late integrin-mediated MAPK activation play distinct roles in different stages of platelet activation. Agonist-induced MAPK activation primarily plays an important role in stimulating secretion of platelet granules, while integrin-mediated MAPK activation is important in facilitating clot retraction. The stimulatory role of MAPK in clot retraction is mediated by stimulating myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Importantly, integrin-dependent MAPK activation, MAPK-dependent MLC phosphorylation, and clot retraction are inhibited by a Rac1 inhibitor and in Rac1 knockout platelets, indicating that integrin-induced activation of MAPK and MLC and subsequent clot retraction is Rac1-dependent. Thus, our results reveal 2 different activation mechanisms of MAPKs that are involved in distinct aspects of platelet function and a novel Rac1-MAPK-dependent cell retractile signaling pathway.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Blood Platelets / cytology*
  • Blood Platelets / drug effects
  • Blood Platelets / enzymology*
  • Blood Platelets / metabolism
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Fibrinogen
  • Humans
  • Integrins / metabolism*
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System* / drug effects
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism*
  • Myosin Light Chains / metabolism
  • Platelet Aggregation* / drug effects
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / antagonists & inhibitors
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism*
  • rho-Associated Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • rho-Associated Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Integrins
  • Myosin Light Chains
  • Fibrinogen
  • rho-Associated Kinases
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • rac1 GTP-Binding Protein