Considerable progress has been made recently in the biologic understanding and the clinical management of pediatric tumors of the peripheral and central nervous system. Here we review important representative studies published primarily in the past 2 years regarding neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, and brain tumors in children. Highlights include 1) the importance of tumor DNA content, N-myc amplification, and chromosome 1 deletion in predicting outcome of patients with neuroblastoma; 2) the impact of mass screening for neuroblastoma in Japan and elsewhere; 3) improvements in the clinical management of neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, and brain tumors; and 4) neurologic sequelae of these tumors and their treatment.