The role of chromatin and its modulation during DNA repair has become increasingly understood in recent years. A number of histone modifications that contribute towards the cellular response to DNA damage have been identified, including the acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56. H3 K56 acetylation occurs normally during S phase, but persists in the presence of DNA damage. In the absence of this modification, cellular survival following DNA damage is impaired. Two recent reports provide additional insights into how H3 K56 acetylation functions in DNA damage responses. In particular, this modification appears to be important for both normal replication-coupled nucleosome assembly as well as nucleosome assembly at sites of DNA damage following repair.