Bone grafts are the basic material in bone deficit filling. Due to difficulties to obtain bone grafts often the bone substitutes are used. Authors presents chemical, mineralogic and biologic properties of hydroxyapatite and ceramic material based on calcium phosphorate. HAp-TCP has a wide applications in bone deficit filling in knee and hip arthroplasty or revision arthroplasty, bone cysts, wrist and ankle joint arthrodesis. Bone substitutes should be mix with bone grafts, in the cases where load bearing is needed, because of their weak mechanical strength. Further clinical and experimental studies should be continued to get new generation of material on the calcium phoshorate base. This new material should present higher mechanical strength with preserving osteocondactive and osteoinductive properties of hydroxyapatite.