Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as uncontrolled urine leakage through an urethra. At present, the following types of UI can be specified: stress incontinence (SI), urge incontinence (UI), mixed incontinence (MI), overflow incontinence (OI) in which the bladder becomes too full because it cannot be fully emptied, and functional incontinence (FI). Incontinence is one of the most common chronic diseases in women and is found in 17-60% of the whole population. In most patients, SI is combined with pelvic organ prolapse. The basic risk factors mentioned as contributing to these two conditions are obstetrical past and gynaecological history and atrophic changes in the urogenital area. There are also a number of diseases related to the increase in intra-abdominal pressure, such as obesity chronic constipation and diseases associated with persistent cough. Other factors leading to pelvic organ prolapse include hard physical work, some professional sports, connective tissue disorders, neuropathy and disturbed innervation of the pelvic floor. To deal with stress incontinence (SI), conservative and surgical treatment is employed. In the first degree intensity, it is mainly physiotherapy, electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles, lifestyle modification and reduction of body mass. When the SI symptoms are more severe, surgical treatment is usually preferred. From among many methods, these presently used are Burch and sling operations. On the other hand, surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse involves colpoperineoplasty with the use of polypropylene mesh (Prolift), colporrhaphy by double TOT approach method, median colporrhaphy, Cooper's ligament or sacrospinous ligament colpopexy, and attachment of the uterus to the sacrum. The results of surgical treatment depend on co-occurrence of risk factors, the surgical method chosen, the lapse of time from the surgery and the type of the applied biomedical material.