NKT-cell help to B lymphocytes can occur independently of cognate interaction

Blood. 2009 Jan 8;113(2):370-6. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-06-166249. Epub 2008 Oct 2.

Abstract

CD4(+) T (Th)-cell help to B lymphocytes requires cognate interaction and CD40 engagement. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize alphagalactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) presented by CD1d, and can help B-cell responses. We asked whether alphaGalCer-activated iNKT cells help B lymphocytes through cognate interaction, or indirectly, via enhancement of Th-B-cell interaction. After immunization with protein Ags and alphaGalCer, antibody titers were assessed in wild-type or splenectomized mice, and in bone marrow radiation chimeras lacking CD1d or CD40 expression on B lymphocytes, or expressing CD1d or MHC II disjointly on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We find that alphaGalCer-dependent enhancement of B-cell response (1) can occur when B cells do not express CD1d but express CD40; (2) requires that iNKT and Th cells interact with the same APCs that coexpress both CD1d and MHC-II; and (3) takes place without spleen. These findings demonstrate alphaGalCer-induced help for antibody responses can occur without cognate iNKT/B-cell interaction, and suggest this help entails activation of APCs by iNKT cells, which in turn activate Th cells and their helper functions for B cells. Thus, the alphaGalCer-induced help recapitulates the function of classical adjuvants that stimulate the innate immune system to support adaptive immune responses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Antibody Formation / drug effects
  • Antibody Formation / physiology*
  • Antigen Presentation / drug effects
  • Antigen Presentation / physiology*
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology
  • Antigens, CD1d / genetics
  • Antigens, CD1d / immunology
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation
  • CD40 Antigens / genetics
  • CD40 Antigens / immunology
  • Cell Communication / drug effects
  • Cell Communication / physiology
  • Galactosylceramides / immunology*
  • Galactosylceramides / pharmacology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / genetics
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / immunology
  • Immunity, Innate / drug effects
  • Immunity, Innate / physiology*
  • Immunization
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Natural Killer T-Cells / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
  • Transplantation Chimera / genetics
  • Transplantation Chimera / immunology

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Antigens, CD1d
  • CD40 Antigens
  • Galactosylceramides
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
  • alpha-galactosylceramide