Adolescents with learning disorders are at significantly increased risk for negative outcomes in regard to their emotional, behavioral, and academic functioning. Primary care physicians should be alert to the effect of neurodevelopmental dysfunctions that might be taking their toll as academic demands increase or as new manifestations of previously identified problems emerge. The physician should review emotional, family, and environmental factors and rule out underlying or associated medical causes and can participate in the assessment process. He or she can advise and assist parents with obtaining necessary evaluations through the school or by referral to independent clinicians and should assist with the interpretation of the findings, ensuring appropriate understanding of the challenges by the adolescent and parents and coordinating care if other medical specialists are involved. The physician can direct students and their families to appropriate resources in the community and advocate for appropriate educational services at school. Brief office-based counseling can help in dealing with the stresses associated with learning challenges and ensuring that students are afforded regular opportunities to pursue their affinities and build on their strengths.